Abstract: Computation of the Euler number of a binary image is often necessary in image matching, image database retrieval, image analysis, pattern recognition, and computer vision. This paper ...

Abstract: The development of polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes has introduced a class of efficient designs for short packet transmission. In this contribution, aiming at more flexible ...

n! means n x (n - 1) x ... x 3 x 2 x 1 For example, 10! = 10 x 9 x ... x 3 x 2 x 1 = 3628800, and the sum of the digits in the number 10! is 3 + 6 + 2 + 8 + 8 + 0 + 0 = 27. Find the sum of the digits ...

Consider the fraction, n/d, where n and d are positive integers. If n<d and HCF(n,d)=1, it is called a reduced proper fraction. If we list the set of reduced proper fractions for d ≤ 8 in ascending ...